Brucellosis

W hen I learned of the Food and Drug Administration's approval of aducanumab (Aduhelm) for Alzheimer's disease, I was struck by the parallels with the agency's approval of tacrine (Cognex) in 1993, the first drug approved for Alzheimer's which was later removed from the market. As a young scientist at the National Institutes of Health studying Alzheimer's disease in the late 1980s, I — and many of my colleagues — focused on a substance called acetylcholine. It is a neurotransmitter that is important for attention and memory. Scientists had found that a large hub of nerve cells that make acetylcholine showed severe damage in people with Alzheimer's disease. The hope was that increasing acetylcholine in the brain could ease Alzheimer's symptoms, at least for some time, much as dopamine replacement helps people with Parkinson's disease. Pharmaceutical companies built on this work to develop drugs generally called cholinesterase inhibitors that increased...

Share on Pinterest A new study asks which of the two most common hypertension medications works best. TEK IMAGE/Getty Images ACE inhibitors and ARBs are equally recommended as first-line medications in the treatment of high blood pressure. Currently, doctors prescribe ACE inhibitors more often than they do ARBs. However, few studies have compared the two classes of drugs directly. A recent study published in Hypertension , an American Heart Association journal, set out to do just that. Study authors investigated whether there were any differences between the two sets of medication in terms of effectiveness and side effects. ACE inhibitors and ARBs act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is a system of hormones that help regulate blood pressure. While both ACE inhibitors and ARBs are effective, the way they reduce hypertension is different. Angiotensin is a hormone that narrows blood vessels, thereby restricting blood flow and increasing blood pressure. ACE inhibitors b...

There are many types of antifungal drugs, some of which people can get over-the-counter and some of which doctors prescribe. Anyone who has a weakened immune system who thinks they may have a fungal infection should contact a doctor immediately. Molds, yeasts, and mushrooms are all types of fungi. Of the millions of different species of fungi, only a few hundred are responsible for making people sick. Fungi can cause a variety of conditions. Most of them affect the nails or skin, causing rashes or other skin conditions, but some can cause more serious infections. Fungi can cause meningitis, blood infections, and lung infections. This article will explore the different types of fungal infections, when to see a doctor, and which antifungal drugs are available to treat fungal infections. Antifungal drugs are the medications people use to treat fungal infections. People can take antifungal drugs orally, apply them topically, or administer them intravenously through an IV drip. Antifungal ...

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Clonidine IR oral tablets can cause mild or serious side effects. The following lists contain some of the key side effects that may occur while taking this drug. These lists do not include all possible side effects. For more information about the possible side effects of clonidine IR oral tablets, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. They can give you tips on how to deal with any side effects that may be concerning or bothersome. Note: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tracks side effects of drugs it has approved. If you would like to notify the FDA about a side effect you've had with clonidine IR oral tablets, you can do so through MedWatch. Mild side effects Mild side effects* of clonidine IR oral tablets can include: Most of these side effects may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. But if they become more severe or don't go away, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. * This is a partial list of mild side effects from clonidine IR oral tablets. To learn abou...

A committee of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is recommending the refusal of marketing authorization for Nouryant (istradefylline) — approved as Nourianz in the U.S. — as a medication for treating off episodes in Parkinson's disease in the EU. In its opinion, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, known as CHMP, said the benefits of Nouryant may not outweigh its risks. It recommended the refusal of an application by Kyowa Kirin, the therapy's developer, to market Nouryant in the European Union, according to a July 23 announcement by the EMA. The medicine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2019 to treat off episodes in Parkinson's patients in the U.S. who are on a carbidopa/levodopa treatment regimen. It is available as an oral tablet to be taken daily. Recommended Reading Carbidopa/levodopa is considered the mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease. Levodopa...

Source: Neubauer HC , , Hall M , , Lopez MA , , et al . Antibiotic regimens and associated outcomes in children hospitalized with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome . J Hosp Med . 2021 ; 16 ( 3 ): 149 - 155 ; doi: 10.12788/jhm.3529 OpenUrl Investigators from multiple institutions conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the association of antibiotic regimen on outcomes in children hospitalized with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). Data from children ≤18 years old who were hospitalized between 2011–2016 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of SSSS at 35 children's hospitals that participate in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) were included. Children with complex chronic medical conditions were excluded, as were those with alternative dermatologic diagnoses recorded as a principal or secondary diagnosis. Demographics also were abstracted from the PHIS database. The primary exposure was antibiotic regimen, as determined using PHIS daily bil...

Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are plants that can cause an allergic skin reaction. These poisonous plants contain an oil that can trigger the body's immune system and produce a rash. Becoming familiar with the appearance of these plants can help a person identify and prevent an allergic rash from exposure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that while the expression "leaves of three, let it be" can be helpful for identifying poison ivy and poison oak, this is not true for poison sumac, as this plant usually has clusters of 7–13 leaves. Additionally, some species of poison ivy and oak may also have more than 3 leaves. If a person suspects contact with one of these plants, the CDC recommends they wash the exposed skin and scrub their nails. When a rash appears, applying wet compresses or hydrocortisone cream can help reduce itching and blistering. However, if the rash is severe or if someone is having trouble breathing, they should get im...

There are many types of antifungal drugs, some of which people can get over-the-counter and some of which doctors prescribe. Anyone who has a weakened immune system who thinks they may have a fungal infection should contact a doctor immediately. Molds, yeasts, and mushrooms are all types of fungi. Of the millions of different species of fungi, only a few hundred are responsible for making people sick. Fungi can cause a variety of conditions. Most of them affect the nails or skin, causing rashes or other skin conditions, but some can cause more serious infections. Fungi can cause meningitis, blood infections, and lung infections. This article will explore the different types of fungal infections, when to see a doctor, and which antifungal drugs are available to treat fungal infections. Antifungal drugs are the medications people use to treat fungal infections. People can take antifungal drugs orally, apply them topically, or administer them intravenously through an IV drip. Antifungal ...

The recent emergence of a virus that typically sickens children in colder months has baffled U.S. pediatricians and put many infants in the hospital with troublesome coughs and breathing trouble. RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is a common cause of cold-like symptoms but can be serious for infants and the elderly. Cases dropped dramatically last year, with people staying home and social distancing, but began cropping up as pandemic restrictions eased. "I've never seen anything like this before,'' Dr. Kate Dutkiewicz, medical director at Beacon Children's Hospital in South Bend, Indiana, said after treating two RSV-infected infants recently. Both needed oxygen treatment to help with breathing. ''I've never seen cases in July, or close to July.'' The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a health advisory on June 10 about an increase in RSV cases across parts of the South. Cases have appeared in many other states, too. LaRan...

My name is Alekxia Alanis, and I am 26 years old. I live in Roma, Texas, and I am a recent electrical engineering graduate. During the summer of 2012, I noticed my hip and right butt cheek had four giant pimples with dark dots that resembled blackheads. They were extremely painful, tender, and warm to the touch. When I spoke to my parents about it, they brushed it off, saying it was only a "tacote," a term used in my Hispanic culture to describe a giant boil. (A boil is a painful hair follicle infection.) But I asked them to take me to the doctor because I couldn't handle the excruciating pain. The first doctor I went to diagnosed me with shingles, a viral infection that causes a painful rash. But my parents insisted on a second opinion. The second doctor who saw me said it was just four giant boils and that I had to basically wait it out for them to pop on their own. I dropped out of college because my legs were in such constant agony that I couldn...

[unable to retrieve full-text content] Difficult to Round Up the Usual Suspects During COVID-19 Pandemic    Infectious Disease Special Edition

Treatment for a tapeworm infection will include medications that target the worm. Medications may differ based on the type of tapeworm involved, such as the beef tapeworm ( Taenia saginata) , pork tapeworm ( Taenia solium) , fish tapeworm ( Diphyllobothrium latum ), Asian tapeworm ( Taenia asiatica ), and dwarf tapeworm ( Hymenolepis nana ). Verywell / Emily Roberts It's important to take the medication as prescribed and to follow directions to avoid reinfection during and after treatment. For an infection with the pork tapeworm, if a more serious condition called  cysticercosis has occurred, medications may be given to treat symptoms and in some cases surgery may be needed. Prescriptions Praziquantel Praziquantel (Biltricide) is one medication used to treat tapeworm infection.   It is an antiparasitic drug that belongs to a class of drugs known as  antihelmintics . To treat an infection with a tapewor...

According to health experts, it is always advised to consume atleast 5 grams of Ashwagandha a day depending upon nutritional requirements. With an increasing inclination towards health, Ashwagandha is widely consumed in the form of tablets and supplements or is infused in herbal teas, but the best way to use it is by going for powdered Ashwagandha as it is easily available and it can be prepared in several ways. Here's how you can make Ashwagandha Tea at home Just boil 2 cups of water and add 1 teaspoon of Ashwagandha powder, you can also add some Ashwagandha roots. Boil this blend for sometime and strain it and add 1 teaspoon of honey and lemon slices. Enjoy! For scrumptious recipes, videos and exciting food news, subscribe to our free Daily and Weekly Newsletters. Adblock test (Why?)

I. INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has alerted the world to the risks of emerging diseases of zoonotic origin and has prompted widespread concern and interest in acting to prevent future similar pandemics. Many solutions have been proposed, in particular related to complete bans of wildlife trade and wildlife markets, but such solutions are considered impractical by some and, if implemented, could cause major socio-economic shocks and food insecurity (Booth et al .,  2021 ) and would only cover part of the problem. Thus, more holistic solutions should be examined to understand additional mechanisms that could drive spillover from other animals to humans. There is a need for larger scale rethinking of the means of reducing risk for emerging diseases that could spill over from animals into humans, and especially those diseases that could spread rapidly due to high transmission rates from human to human (Dobson et al .,...