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Outbreak Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria Infects 31 Patients At Seattle Hospital

A bacterial outbreak at Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle, Washington, has infected a total of 31 patients, according to a press release on the hospital's website. 

Four of the 31 patients have died, it's been reported, but public health officials at Public Health - Seattle & King County have not yet confirmed that the infections were a factor in their deaths.

The bacteria has been identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The hospital first announced the outbreak in October 2022 and has posted multiple updates, most recently on April 25.

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"Beginning in October 2022, Virginia Mason Medical Center detected an increase in cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria at our downtown campus," said Sydney Bersante, interim president of the Virginia Mason Medical Center, in a statement on the hospital's website.

"We immediately implemented increased safety measures, notified patients who had tested positive for the bacteria and promptly provided treatment where necessary," he continued. 

A bacterial outbreak at Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle, Washington, has infected a total of 31 patients (not pictured). (iStock)

"While the risk of transmission is extremely low for patients, we continue to take proactive steps to avoid additional transmission."

The hospital is working with public health officials to pinpoint the source of the outbreak, Bersante said.

"These types of outbreaks are complex, and despite thorough investigation, we may never know the source," said Dr. Eric Chow, chief of communicable disease epidemiology and immunization public health at Public Health - Seattle & King County, in a public statement. 

What is Klebsiella pneumoniae?

Klebsiella pneumonia is a rare cause of infection that is very uncommon in patients with normal immune systems who have not been in the hospital for extended periods of time, Dr. Ken Perry, an emergency physician in Charleston, South Carolina, told Fox News Digital. 

"It is a common cause of infections in patients who have spent any time on ventilators."

Symptoms of Klebsiella pneumonia are very similar to other common bacterial pneumonias, including fever, chest pain and difficulty breathing, the doctor said. 

"The infection will show up in an X-ray of the chest, and will grow worse the longer the patient remains on the ventilator," said Perry, who is an executive board member of the State Chapter of the College of Emergency Physicians.

Klebsiella pneumonia is a rare cause of infection that is very uncommon in patients with normal immune systems who have not been in the hospital for extended periods of time. (iStock)

The Klebsiella bacteria can cause infections of wounds and surgical sites, as well as pneumonia, bloodstream infections or meningitis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Those with weakened immunity are most at risk

"Most of the patients who get K. Pneumonia infections have other underlying medical problems that limit their immune systems as well," Perry also said. 

"Although still rare in the general population, it is a common cause of infections in patients who have spent any time on ventilators."

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The infection most often affects sick patients in health care settings who are on ventilators, catheters or extended antibiotic treatments, the CDC stated. 

Healthy people are generally not at risk.

The bacteria is not airborne, the CDC stated.

The infection most often affects sick patients in health care settings who are on ventilators, catheters or extended antibiotic treatments, the CDC stated.  (iStock)

The infection can also happen in other at-risk patients who are not hospitalized. 

"For these patients, they will have similar symptoms such as chest pain, cough, fever and the textbook answer of 'currant jelly sputum,'" said Perry. 

"This is a characterization of phlegm that is thick and bloody from the necrosis, or damage, to the lung tissue from the bacteria."

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be hard to treat

One of the most dangerous aspects of the infection is that some forms of the bacteria are resistant to some antibiotics, which makes it difficult to treat, the doctor warned. 

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This can make it a "life-changing if not fatal infection" for some patients, he said — particularly those who do not have robust immune systems.

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"For any hospital that has an increase in this bacteria, the first thing that is necessary is to ensure the eradication of the bacteria from their environment," Dr. Perry said. 

"This means that it will be necessary to deep-clean devices such as air vents, where the bacteria may be able to survive even normal adequate decontamination."

Melissa Rudy is health editor and a member of the lifestyle team at Fox News Digital. 

6 Fatal Infectious Disease Outbreaks In 2023

Infectious disease threats are growing and can have fatal consequences for patients and the public. 

Becker's has reported on six infectious diseases outbreaks that occurred in the first half of 2023 and resulted in at least one death. They are listed below in reverse chronological order. This is not an exhaustive list.

1. In mid-May, Texas health officials warned clinicians about a string of suspected fungal meningitis cases among state residents who underwent surgery in Mexico. Officials have identified 25 confirmed and suspected cases, including two deaths. 

2. On May 15, the CDC confirmed four deaths among people who used eye drops contaminated with a drug-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In total, the outbreak has affected more than 80 people in 18 states. 

3. A kindergartner at a Michigan school died April 26 amid a classroom outbreak of haemophilus influenzae, an invasive bacteria that can cause various infections, according to the Detroit Free Press.

4. Seven patients who contracted Klebsiella pneumoniae in an outbreak at Seattle-based Virginia Mason Medical Center have died, the hospital confirmed April 28.

5. In April, a fungal outbreak sickened more than 100 people at a Michigan paper mill. Fourteen people required hospitalization and one person died after developing blastomycosis, a rare fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis.

6. In January, Mississippi health officials disclosed an outbreak of Candida auris that resulted in the deaths of two long-term care facility residents. 

New Study Revisits 80-year-old Antibiotic That Promises To Kill Drug-resistant Bacteria

He further added, "This natural product has been evolved by soil bacteria in order to gain turf in the soil.  In doing, these bacteria have figured out how to make an antibiotic that is really good at penetrating through the gram-negative permeability barrier."

During their study, the researchers examined two highly purified molecules; streptothricin-D and streptothricin-F. Both these forms can selectively attack drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, and the former is even more effective against pathogens than the latter. 

However, the toxicity levels in the D-form were not suitable for human kidneys, and therefore the researchers decided to go ahead with the F-form. Next, they tested streptothricin-F in a mouse that carried infection from a highly drug-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumonia.  

The antibiotic successfully adhered to bacterial ribosomes and attacked the target protein. "We saw great efficacy at levels that were not toxic.  However, we have no knowledge about safety and efficacy in humans. I view our findings as a starting point for the development of streptothricins with an improved activity that may be appropriate for human therapy," said Kirby.

This study, for the first time, comprehensively profiles the action of the individual components of streptothricins and reveals a purified and safe form of the natural chemical that could actually work against contemporary multi-drug resistant pathogens. According to researchers, previous studies on streptothricins failed to completely purify the chemical. 

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