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What Is Ureaplasma? Symptoms And Treatment
Ureaplasma is a type of bacteria commonly found in the urinary or genital tract. It does not usually cause symptoms, but in some cases, it may contribute to infections, fertility problems, or pregnancy complications.
Ureaplasma bacteria are part of the body's bacterial population. In most cases, they live in balance with other microbes without causing a problem. However, sometimes they can increase in population, which can lead to health conditions.
This article examines what Ureaplasma is, how it transmits, the symptoms it can cause, and what treatment options are available.
Ureaplasma belongs to a class of bacteria known as Mycoplasma. They are among the smallest known organisms of their type that can make a copy of themselves to reproduce.
Many people who have Ureaplasma in their bodies are unaware. However, Ureaplasma can be opportunistic and may grow in higher numbers and cause infection if the circumstances allow.
If this happens, Ureaplasma may contribute to conditions that affect the male and female reproductive systems, such as infections or fertility problems.
However, scientists are still researching the role Ureaplasma may play in medical conditions.
A person can acquire Ureaplasma through sexual contact. It can also pass to newborns during pregnancy.
However, the prevalence of Ureaplasma varies widely depending on geographic location and socioeconomic background.
Although it may potentially play a role in some diseases, it is also far less likely to become harmful than other sexually transmitted pathogens, such as the bacteria that cause chlamydia.
Ureaplasma does not usually cause symptoms if it is living in balance with other bacteria. A healthy immune system can keep the bacteria in check, preventing them from causing infection.
However, certain health issues may develop if Ureaplasma colonizes part of the body. These could include:
Bacterial vaginosisA 2022 study of 1,155 females of reproductive age found that the presence of Ureaplasma had a strong association with an increased pH level in the vagina.
Usually, the pH of the vagina is low, and the acidity prevents infections. However, a high or alkaline pH can allow harmful bacteria to grow in higher numbers, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, the bacteria that cause bacterial vaginosis (BV).
Symptoms of BV include:
Ureaplasma also has links to chronic endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease.
UrethritisUreaplasma may cause urethritis in males, which is inflammation of the urethra. Doctors refer to this as "nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis" or "nonspecific urethritis."
The role of Ureaplasma in urethritis is still controversial, as this bacteria also occurs in healthy males. However, a 2019 review of the research states there is mounting evidence that Ureaplasma can cause urethritis under certain conditions, although it is not the most common cause.
Symptoms of urethritis may include:
A 2023 study of data from 2019–2021 found that Ureaplasma urealyticum, which is a specific type of Ureaplasma, had associations with lower sperm quality.
In 1,064 males between 20 and 30 years old, the presence of U. Urealyticum correlated with lower sperm concentrations in semen and a lower ratio of sperm that can effectively swim.
Both of these factors influence male fertility and the likelihood that a sperm will fertilize an egg.
Difficulty getting pregnantUreaplasma may also cause fertility difficulties in females. This may occur if the bacteria reach the upper genital tract, which includes the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Scientists have yet to prove that Ureaplasma directly causes infertility, and research on the subject is mixed. A 2020 study of 245 females found that bacterial colonization of the fallopian tubes by any of the species the scientists examined had associations with tubal factor infertility, including U. Urealyticum.
Tubal factor infertility is when a blockage in the fallopian tubes prevents sperm and egg from meeting.
However, a 2021 review of previous research found no association between U. Urealyticum and female infertility. The authors recommend more research on a potential relationship with U. Parvum instead.
Other conditionsScientists are still investigating the potential link between Ureaplasma and other conditions. The bacteria may link to:
ProstatitisProstatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause:
A 2020 study found an association between Ureaplasma and calcification in the prostate, which may lead to chronic inflammation. However, a 2019 case-control study did not find a definitive link.
EndometriosisThis condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows elsewhere, which can cause pain, bloating, and heavy periods.
A 2019 laboratory study in mice found evidence that Ureaplasma infection increases inflammation in the uterus and may promote the development of endometriosis. However, much more research is necessary to determine the role of Ureaplasma, if any, in humans with endometriosis.
Ureaplasma has links to several pregnancy complications and conditions that affect newborn babies.
Ureaplasma risks in pregnancyUreaplasma infection has associations with:
That said, previous research has estimated as many as 80% of pregnant people have Ureaplasma in the lower genital tract, so its presence in the body is very common. Scientists are still learning about the relationship between this bacteria and pregnancy complications.
Ureaplasma risks for newbornsNewborns have less developed immune systems than adults, and so Ureaplasma levels that do not affect the birth parent could potentially be more harmful for them.
An acute and invasive Ureaplasma infection could lead to complications such as pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis.
A chronic infection may cause inflammation, which could contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This is when the lungs do not develop as they should before birth, or after birth if the baby is premature.
However, it is important to note that the presence of Ureaplasma is very common in adults and that this alone is not enough to cause an infection. Ureaplasma is more likely to become a problem in high numbers, and appears to be more of a risk for preterm babies.
Ureaplasma can be difficult to culture, so doctors may use PCR tests instead of trying to visually identify the bacteria.
PCR tests work by revealing if the bacteria's DNA is present in a sample of bodily fluid. Depending on the situation, this sample could be:
The treatment for Ureaplasma is antibiotics. However, only certain antibiotics are effective against these bacteria.
Doctors choose the antibiotic based on the health condition a person has, whether they are pregnant, and their age, as some antibiotics are not safe for pregnancy or newborn babies.
For example, a doctor may prescribe:
Sometimes, bacteria can become resistant to certain antibiotics. If the infection does not respond to one type of antibiotic, doctors may try another.
Ureaplasma is present in many people and does not usually cause problems. That said, the methods that can prevent transmission of Ureaplasma can also prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so it is advisable to practice them.
This includes:
It may also help to support the body's natural defenses against infection by protecting the pH balance of the genitals. People can do this by:
Although many personal hygiene products for the genitals are available, a 2021 report emphasizes that all soaps alter the pH of the vulva, with the exception of lactic acid-based gels. This can increase the risk of BV and other infections.
When cleaning the vulva, people should avoid:
The outlook for Ureaplasma infection depends upon the health issues it is causing and the severity of the condition. Certain antibiotics are effective against the bacteria.
People with any unusual symptoms affecting the genitals or reproductive organs should speak with a doctor for a diagnosis.
If they are pregnant, have a compromised immune system, or are concerned for their baby, they should seek medical help right away, especially if they have signs of an infection.
Ureaplasma is a type of bacteria present in many people. It usually does not cause any problems, but in some people, it can colonize parts of the body and cause infections.
In females, Ureaplasma may change the vagina's pH and contribute to BV. In pregnancy and newborns, it can sometimes lead to serious complications.
Scientists are still learning about other conditions where Ureaplasma may play a role.
What Do Different Types Of Vaginal Discharge Mean?
Vaginal discharge is typically white or clear and may be thick or thin in texture. Healthy discharge can dry yellow. However, yellow discharge with a strong odor may be a sign of infection.
Vaginal discharge is fluid that contains a mix of vaginal secretions and cervical mucus. The amount of vaginal discharge produced varies from person to person.
There are different types of vaginal discharge based on consistency and color. Changes in the color, amount, or smell of vaginal discharge may indicate a problem.
Sometimes, it is difficult to make a diagnosis based on vaginal discharge alone. Other symptoms, such as burning, itchiness, or irritation, often indicate an underlying condition that requires treatment.
Pregnancy, changing hormones, or the presence of an infection can affect the consistency and amount of vaginal discharge.
This article describes what healthy vaginal discharge looks like. It also discusses the types of vaginal discharge based on color, during pregnancy, and during the menstrual cycle.
Vaginal discharge has several functions. It naturally keeps the vagina clean, provides lubrication during sexual intercourse, and may help prevent infection.
Most discharge is typically healthy and can have the following characteristics:
The color of the discharge can indicate the presence of an infection.
ClearClear vaginal discharge is often normal. However, the amount may vary during a person's monthly menstrual cycle and between individuals.
For instance, clear discharge may be stretchy and have an egg-white consistency around the time of ovulation.
WhiteDifferent shades of white discharge may be typical, especially during ovulation or just before a person's period.
As long as there is no vaginal itching, burning, or unusual smell accompanying the discharge, there is probably no underlying issue. However, in other instances, white vaginal discharge could be a sign of an infection.
If the discharge is clumpy and resembles cottage cheese, it may be due to a yeast infection. A yeast infection may also cause vaginal itching and burning. It occurs due to an overgrowth of a type of fungus called Candida.
Thin, white vaginal discharge that has a strong fishy odor may indicate bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is the most common vaginal infection in females between 15 and 44 years. The discharge may also be gray in color.
Other symptoms may include burning during urination and vaginal itching.
Yellow to greenYellow discharge may or may not indicate an infection. If the discharge is a pale yellow, odorless, and not accompanied by other symptoms, it may not indicate an underlying infection.
In other instances, yellow discharge can signify a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or a bacterial infection.
Causes of frothy, yellow-to-green discharge include trichomoniasis and chlamydia. Trichomoniasis can also cause itching, pain during urination, and an unpleasant odor. Chlamydia often does not present with any symptoms.
Pink to redThere are many causes of pink discharge.
Vaginal discharge can be pink or have a red hue near the time of menstruation. It can also occur after sexual intercourse. This can happen if sex has caused small tears or irritation.
Learn more about the different colors of discharge and what they mean.
During pregnancy, a person may notice that they have more vaginal discharge. The volume of discharge increases as a person reaches the end of their pregnancy.
In the last week of pregnancy, vaginal discharge can contain streaks of mucus that are pink, sticky, and jelly-like.
Vaginal discharge can change in consistency and volume throughout the menstrual cycle.
In the days leading up to a period, a person may notice pink or brown discharge. This happens as the uterus sheds its lining.
A person may also notice higher discharge levels when estrogen levels are high. This can happen a few days before ovulation. The discharge may also be clear and stretchy.
A person does not need to prevent normal vaginal discharge. However, taking the following precautions can sometimes prevent abnormal discharge:
Vaginal discharge is often nothing to be concerned about, but there are times when changes in discharge can indicate a problem.
Different types of infections can have similar symptoms but require different treatment. It is essential to consult a doctor if any of the following develops:
To determine the cause of irregular discharge, the doctor may ask about any additional symptoms, a person's general health, and their sexual history.
Treatment for the underlying cause of abnormal vaginal discharge will vary and may include antibiotics or antifungal medication.
Vaginal discharge is natural, but there are instances when the color, amount, or consistency of discharge may indicate a problem.
Yeast infections, STIs, and BV can all lead to a change in vaginal discharge. In most cases, causes of irregular vaginal discharge resolve with treatment.
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How You Can Relieve Severe Back Pain During Pregnancy
Minor back pain during pregnancy usually requires no treatment. But if your back pain is severe, consult with your doctor soon, as it could be a pregnancy complication or other serious medical concern.
Back pain is an uncomfortable but very common feature of pregnancy. As many as 70% of people experience back pain during pregnancy.
While putting your feet up or getting an occasional massage may relieve minor back pain, managing severe back pain can often require all that and more.
This article looks at some of the causes of back pain during pregnancy and ways to treat or at least reduce that discomfort.
Severe back pain when you're pregnant can have several causes.
When you're pregnant, your back must support additional weight for months. And as your uterus and baby grow, your center of gravity pushes forward, affecting your posture and possibly triggering back pain. These causes are usually responsible for back pain that emerges during the second and third trimesters.
First-trimester back pain can stem from the release of hormones that help soften cartilage in your pelvic area and loosen joints to make the delivery easier. These changes mean your back loses some of the support that those joints and cartilage would usually provide. The psychological or emotional stress of managing this new development in your life can also cause muscle tightening and back pain early in your pregnancy.
Certain pregnancy complications may also trigger severe back pain. The sudden onset of back pain can be a sign of preterm labor or a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Less common causes of severe back pain during pregnancy include pregnancy-associated osteoporosis, vertebral osteoarthritis, and septic arthritis.
Relieving severe back pain during pregnancy may require a variety of treatments and changes to the way you perform everyday activities.
Adjust your lifestyleTo help prevent flare-ups of back pain or cope with pain at home or work, keep these tips in mind:
Certain clothing choices may help relieve pain, too. Wear sneakers or other shoes that provide good support, and set the high heels aside until after the baby is born.
You may also find relief with an abdominal support garment, which looks like a girdle and takes some of the belly weight off of your back muscles. Some maternity pants also come with a wide elastic band that fits under your belly to give you more support.
MassagePrenatal massage can often ease a sore back and improve relaxation. A 2021 review of 10 studies suggests that prenatal massage relieves back and leg pain, plus reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety while also helping the pregnant person reduce stress.
Prenatal massage is usually recommended after the first trimester. To ensure a safe massage, try to find a certified massage therapist with experience in providing prenatal massage.
ExercisePregnancy can limit some of the activities you might usually enjoy. Yet many other types of exercise can help keep you healthy and energized, while also easing your back pain.
In fact, a 2023 study suggests that exercise can have a positive effect on back pain. The researchers noted that it's important to distinguish between typical lower back pain related to irritated nerves in the spine from pelvic girdle pain, which is pain felt in the pelvic joints, back, and hips. This is because exercise recommendations can vary depending on the causes of a person's back pain.
Among the recommended exercises are:
Exercise is important for your overall health during pregnancy, but it's best to limit your activities to mild or moderate intensity, rather than working out to the point of exhaustion. Always consult with your healthcare team before starting a new exercise regimen.
StretchThe extra weight that accompanies pregnancy can put pressure on the sciatic nerve, which runs from your spine down both legs. Certain stretches involving your back and legs can help with sciatica during pregnancy. Consult a physical therapist for some safe stretches that might help.
Treat any infectionIf you are diagnosed with a UTI or other bacterial infection, it's important to treat it promptly before it spreads and causes serious complications, such as sepsis. Many antibiotics, such as amoxicillin and erythromycin, are usually considered safe to take while pregnant. But be sure to discuss any and all medication use with your obstetric care professional.
Back pain often goes away as your body recovers after delivery. The timeline for recovery can vary considerably. A 2023 study suggests that about 40% of individuals who experience back pain during pregnancy will also have some lingering back pain during the first few months after delivery. The researchers noted that people who had back issues prior to pregnancy are more likely to continue having back pain after delivery.
When should I be concerned about back pain during pregnancy?The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends seeing your obstetric care professional if minor back pain becomes severe or if the pain lingers for at least 2 weeks. You should also seek medical attention if you experience other symptoms, such as vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, or a fever.
How can I decompress my spine while pregnant?Spinal decompression is a widely used nonsurgical treatment for back pain and mobility concerns. It is not, however, recommended for people who are pregnant. Massage and physiotherapy may be better options.
Is it safe to use a heating pad on your back while pregnant?You may safely use a heating pad, but you should keep it on the lowest setting and wrap it in a towel to prevent burns or excessive heat on your back or sides.
While some back pain is almost inevitable during pregnancy, it's still not something that you should ignore or minimize.
It's recommended to keep in frequent communication with your obstetric care professional as new symptoms emerge or existing symptoms change. And if back pain becomes severe and lingers for several days, don't hesitate to share that information and ask your doctor about what can be done.
Relieving severe back pain during pregnancy often takes a combination of treatments and lifestyle adjustments, but those actions may go a long way in easing your discomfort and restoring some quality of life during this exceptional time.
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