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HCV Replicates With Help From MicroRNA
California researchers have found a previously unrecognized role for microRNAs: aiding and abeting hepatitis C virus in the liver. Peter Sarnow and colleagues at Stanford University School of Medicine found that a liver-specific microRNA interacts with the 5' noncoding region of viral RNA to enhance replication.1 The authors looked at miR-122, which accounts for 70% of microRNAs found in the liver, to see if hepatitis C might be using the host microRNA "for its own good," says Sarnow.
Hepatitis C RNA in Huh7 liver cell lines was reduced by about 80% when the researchers inactivated miR-122. And with miR-122 active, viral RNA with mutations in the 5' noncoding region failed to accumulate. Ectopically expressed miR-122 containing corresponding 5' mutations restored hepatitis C RNA levels, arguing against the possibility that the 5' mutation lowered levels through misfolding.
Previous work has shown that microRNAs can repress translation by binding an mRNA's 3' ...
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Hepatitis C Rates In HIV More Than Doubled For Some Risk Groups From 1995 To 2023
The incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has more than doubled among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) without a history of injection drug use, according to study results presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) 2025, held from March 9 to 12, in San Francisco, California.
Researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study using data captured from 1995 through 2023 to evaluate epidemiologic trends of incident HCV infection among patients with HIV in the United States. Eligible study patients included those who were negative for HCV via antibody testing at baseline and underwent additional HCV testing at least 12 months later. Patients were stratified by risk factors associated with HIV acquisition, and incident HCV infection was defined as a newly reactive HCV antibody or plasma HCV RNA positive test result. The researchers analyzed HCV trends across 3 separate calendar periods, including the interferon era (1995-2005), the early direct-acting antiviral (DAA) era (2006-2014), and the highly active DAA era (2015-2023). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline sociodemographic factors and detectable HIV viremia with incident HCV.
A total of 20,917 HIV-positive patients were included in the study, of whom the median age was 37 years, 81% were assigned male sex at birth, 41% were Black, 61% were MSM, and 6.4% were MSM or non-MSM patients with a history of injection drug use.
There were 1276 (6.1%) HCV diagnoses observed among the population, indicating an overall incidence rate [IR] of 7.1 (95% CI, 6.7-7.5) per 1000 person-years. The highest crude IR per 1000 person-years was observed among patients with a history of injection drug use (IR, 28.2; 95% CI, 23.4-34.1) and among MSM with a history of injection drug use (IR, 20.4; 95% CI, 17.3-24.0). The researchers noted HCV rates for both groups remained stable across calendar periods.
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Further study of time-varying covariates such as substance use, incident STIs [sexually transmitted infections], and HCV testing frequency that may account for the rising HCV incidence among MSM in the highly active DAA era is needed.
Further analysis of HCV diagnoses showed lower rates (per 1000 person-years) in heterosexual patients (crude IR, 4.8; 95% CI, 4.2-5.4) than in MSM without a history of injection drug use (crude IR, 6.7; 95% CI, 6.2-7.2). Moreover, the crude IR of HCV infection in MSM with no history of injection drug use increased from 3.5 (95% CI, 2.7-4.6) in the interferon era to 7.6 (95% CI, 6.9-8.3) in the highly active DAA era.
Independent risk factors for incident HCV included diagnosis in the early DAA era (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7), diagnosis in the highly active DAA era (aIRR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.6), and an HIV risk category classification of MSM without a history of injection drug use (aIRR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6).
"Further study of time-varying covariates such as substance use, incident STIs [sexually transmitted infections], and HCV testing frequency that may account for the rising HCV incidence among MSM in the highly active DAA era is needed," the researchers concluded.
This article originally appeared on Infectious Disease Advisor
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